![]() ![]() However, biliary PAH concentrations in fish collected outside of the densely populated oil and gas infrastructure fields had significantly lower PAH levels ( p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in PAH concentrations between sexes or between structure type for both biliary, liver, or, muscle PAH concentrations, likely due to the close proximity of the natural and anthropogenic sites sampled (within 97 km radius). Average PAH concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in livers than in gonads and muscle tissue. There were no significant results from the biometric analysis or their association with PAH's. ![]() In 2016, Red Snapper ( n = 88) were collected from natural and artificial reefs to evaluate potential differences in PAH exposures and body burdens. natural reefs), of Red Snapper collected in the northwestern GoM. The objectives of this study were to measure and compare PAH concentrations between tissue matrices (liver, gonad, muscle, and bile), by sex and location (e.g., artificial oil and gas infrastructure vs. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are a small but toxic component of crude oil released into GoM waters through both anthropogenic (e.g., oil and gas activities) and natural (e.g., hydrocarbon seeps) sources. oil and gas platforms) and natural habitats (e.g. Sebastes, rockfish, are called red snapper or Pacific red snapper.Red Snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) are an important fishery resource in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and are found in abundance around artificial (e.g.The largest red snapper spread out over open habitats, as well as reefs. These larger fish do not allow smaller individuals to share this territory. Around artificial reefs such as oil platforms, smaller fish spend time in the upper part of the water column while more mature (and larger) adults live in deeper areas. As they near one year of age, they move to intermediate-relief habitats as the previous year’s fish move on to high-relief reefs with room for more individuals. Newly hatched red snapper spread out over large areas of open benthic habitat, then move to low-relief habitats, such as oyster beds. The preferred habitat of this species changes as it grows and matures due to increased need for cover and changing food habits. ![]() These schools are usually made up of fish of very similar size. Like most other snappers, northern red snapper are gregarious and form large schools around wrecks and reefs. They stay relatively close to the bottom, and inhabit rocky bottoms, ledges, ridges, and artificial reefs, including offshore oil rigs and shipwrecks. This species commonly inhabits waters from 30–200 ft (9.1–61.0 m), but can be caught as deep as 300 ft (91 m) on occasion. In Latin American Spanish, it is known as huachinango or pargo. The northern red snapper is found in the Gulf of Mexico and the southeastern Atlantic coast of the United States and much less commonly northward as far as Massachusetts. Juvenile fish (shorter than 30–35 cm) can also have a dark spot on their sides, below the anterior soft dorsal rays, which fades with age. It has 10 dorsal spines, 14 soft dorsal rays, three anal spines and eight to 9 anal soft rays. Coloration of the northern red snapper is light red, with more intense pigment on the back. The maximum published weight is 38.5 kg (85 lb), and the oldest reported age is 100+ years. The common adult length is 60 cm (24 in), but may reach 100 cm (39 in). This snapper reaches maturity at a length of about 39 cm (15 in). Northern red snapper have short, sharp, needle-like teeth, but they lack the prominent upper canine teeth found on the mutton, dog, and mangrove snappers. All feature a sloped profile, medium-to-large scales, a spiny dorsal fin, and a laterally compressed body. The northern red snapper's body is very similar in shape to other snappers, such as the mangrove snapper, mutton snapper, lane snapper, and dog snapper. This species is commercially important and is also sought-after as a game fish. The Northern Red Snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, is a species of snapper native to the western Atlantic Ocean including the Gulf of Mexico, where it inhabits environments associated with reefs. This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia ( view authors). ![]()
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